Valve mechanism.



II. I.. I. IIIBEIII.

VALVE MECH/INISM.

APPLICATION FILED IAII. SGI 1909A 2 S HEETS-A I QV II 5 tentjd July 6,i915,

iIIJIIIIIIlIiIII H. L. F'. Imam.

VALVE MECHANiSNI.

APPLICATION FILED IAN.30,1909.

LMq 3l Patented July 6. w15.

fao

titl

L. F. TREBERT, Ol? ROCHESTER, NEW' YORK..

VALVE MECHANISM.

` Specification of Letters Patent.

2. .LA 'i ihren mi ententes o nig.' o., loro.

Application filed January 30, 1909. Serial No. 475,237.

T all 'wl/om it may concern.'

lle it known that, filmini* L. F. Tnnnnn'r, of llochester, in the countyof Monroe and State of N ew York, have invented certain new and usefulimprovements in Valve Itiechanism; and' l do hereby declare thefollowing` to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same,reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a )art of thisspecification, and to the reference-numerals marked thereon.

My present invention relates to engines and it has :tor its object toprovidev a simple, eh'icient and durable valve mechanism particularlyadapted to internal combustion en gines.

My imlfirovements are further directed toward rendering the valvemechanism con' veniently though not exclusively applicable to multiplecylinder engines, the improvenients operatingl to reduce the cost andlabor of production and at the same time furnish a strong `and Wellbalanced mechanism.

. To these and other ends the invention consists in certain improvementsand combinations oit' parts all. as will be hereinafter more tallylescribed, the novel features being pointed ont in the claims at the endof the specification.

ln 'the drawings: Figure il. is a vertical central section of-onecylinder ot a. multiple cylinder engine constructed in accordance withand illustrating one embodiment of' my invention, the said. sectionbeing taken transversely to the crank or engine shaft; Fig. 2 is a sideelevation of the working parts ot the engine as disclosed by a sectiontaken throughthe crank-case valve seats and cylinders in planes parallelwith the engine shaft; lligg. 3 is a top plan view of the valvecontrolling members in detail, the valve stems being shown inl'loriaontal section; Fig. #lis a detaihpartly in section of one valvestem.

Like reference numerals 'in the several views indicate similar parts.

l have illustrated in the present instance the two end cylinders only ofthe nlultiple cylin der engine, the others being' broken away, but beingthe same for the purposes of this sgr'ieeilication as those shown, thecylinders l beine" preferably cast in pairs and mounted over openings ,tin the crank-case I- tl'irouggh 'which openings operate the connecting'rods Ll connected to the pistons 5 and to the crank tt (l. usual, thelatter being preferably journaled in the crank-case as at T. crank-.casecan be halves of two castings divided along1 the line indicated by 8 butextending together throughout all of the cylinders, but for the purposesoi my invention I prefer to construct them with a plurality of partitionmembers 9 which divide the crank-case into compartments 10, one for thecrank 11 of each cylinder.

rihe cylinders are provided with water jackets 12 preferably incommunication with each other, the water passages therein beingFindicated by lV in the drawings and any suitable means beingr employedto maintain a circulation. rlhe section through the 'alvc seats in Fig.2 is taken on the exhaust side of the engine and through the exhaustports indicated by 13, but the intake ports are in all respects the samein the present engine, the latter being;h syn'imetrical in this respect.Continuations of these ports or passages .l-l form the exhaust passageslll: which preferably intersect each other and preferably lead into acommon exhaust pipe The ,and the valve seats l5 are, in the presentarrangement, situated in these passages, the pairs of valves, each paircomprising intake and exhaust, for each cylinder, beinp; arranged onopposite sides of but adjacent to the plane of the partition 9separating` the crank chambers of the two cylinders. VThe valves 1Gcooperating with the seats l5 are provided with stems '17 that operatein continuous bores or bearings 1S that preferably run parallel. withand longitudinally ol the cylinders l and are formed in portions lf) ofthe cylinder casting', the said hores termi noting at one end adjacentthe seats 15 and openingl at their lower ends at 2O into the cranlccase.lt will thus be seen that as the water circulates freely around theportions il) in which .the valve stems are ar ranged and also about theexhaust passages 14, the valves and connected parts are kept reasonablycool which makes 'them durable, prolongs the period ol" their initialaccurate adjustment and prevents the lul'nicatingr medium which isintrtaluced 'in a manner to he described from beings burned np on theirstems.

The valve stems 17 of ea :h cylinder' project from the open ends E20 oithe llores i8 to extend in parallelism upon opposite sides of the crankshaft (l and through guiding` bosses 20"* adjacent to the partition 9,the

conveniently .made in4 l rock arinsjj24fv and the partition 9 said stemsbeing provided withi-abutments 21 between which and the top of thecrankcase are interposed springs 22 that normally hold thefvalves lupontheir seats.

Pivoted on a stud 23, rigidly mounted in at a point between the twovalve stems of each cylinder, are a pair of valve controllingmembers'24t in the present form of diverging rock arms having shoulders25 upon which the respective valve stems 17 -rest forming'an operativeconnection betwc "n the valvesand arms, the former being pressedagaiiistffifthef.,"latter by the spring-22. The armsalso have bearingportions 26 carrying rollers'27,"27f*.

Arrangedbelow thecran'l, shaft 6, that is on the opposite'sideoftheLl'atterfrom that of the cylinders, but preferablyinthe plane common'to the axis of the crank shaft and of the cylinder, is a cam shaft'28journaled in the crank-case near thebottom thereof, as

at 20,' andin' the partitions 9 to extend preferably continuouslythrough all of the compartmcnts' 10, being driven by intermeshinggearsBO andl Aon thecam shaft and crank shaft, respectively. The saidcam shaft carries a canr32f1wlf1ch revolves between the -operates themsuccessively byan lengagement with the rollers 27, 27,

Ieach vibration of an arm 24 through thisacj tion of thelcam `operatingto lift one of the valves 16Jby`areciprocationofy its stem. The pivotedinner. ends of therock arms 24 are cutaway along complimentary'lines tof fit within each other, V'as'shown in Fig.y 3, to

' bring them bthf in the plane of the valve AS thelxhaust valve oftheengine is generally designed toA` open to a greater extentl thantlieintake a worlnto permanently;reverse the normal directionoffthefengine, thatv is, design it for a' motion :of fthe crank;shaftfijn a reverse direction'figonithat inlwhich they are 'ordinarilyarranged-to lrotate,ifrwliich case in the present engine the `exhaustvalves are made to control-the' intake, and the intake valves theexhaust.' :lTo effect these endsvk form the rock arms 24in such a mannerthat the distances between. their common pivot or axis, I

i U23 and the point on each arm at which they controlling i `f,membeisare'interchangeable on the stud 23,

1 fbutzmalre the distance between the axis` of onearm and the point ofcontact ofthe ca m32.o'r' the vpoint at which, through the',principlesofleverage, the said contact becomes effective, (which, inthe present in .'stance, isl the ,center-'ofthe rollers 27, 27a)A v(iii,

'- -'greater on one arm than on the other, where-y bv each arm thoughoperated to thc same dey the levers pivoted side by side and ve stemthan to the other. other modifications,

Then ,againi'lfit is often desired, forA special th'e pairs areoperativelyconnected to the valve stems, namely theslioulders 25, areequal, so that vthe' said rock arms or valve grec by the cam 32communicates a different degree of movement of its respective valve fromthat communicated by the other, the principle being'that of two bellcrank levers having two corresponding arms equal and the other'two ofunequal lengths. The cam 32 is also made symmetrical in design, asshown, that is in such manner that it will present the same cam surfacewhen rotated in either direction and when located, as in the presentinstance, between the rollers 27 27n of the two arms 24. it will actuateeach valve controlling member to thesame degree and in the same mannerin whichever direction it is turning except that, with no change in therock arms, it will do so in reverse succession, the interval of timebetween their actuations, however, being the same.

Therefore in order to produce a left hand engine as an exception to anormal output of right hand engines the manufacturer is not obliged touse any parts other than those used in the right hand engine, nor tochange the stock parts, nor to changethe positions of the cams, nor toturn the cam shaft end for end as is commonly done. He has simply tointerchange thefarms 24 on their pivots putting one in the place of theother and feed his fuel to what would ordinarily be the exhaust port,starting his engine in the reverse direction, whereupon the movement ofthe valves will be reversed, yet the timing retained as before, all withno additional labor or expense as it is manifestly just as easy toassemble the parts one way as the other. As illustrated, the rollers 2727 travel the same path in succession of each Vother on the cam but bywidening the cam face they could travel in parallel paths with variousas is apparent'might be made without departing from the spirit of myimprovements, but it is essential to one branch of my invention thatthey traverse the same cam surface whether they follow in each otherspath or not.

Because of the fact that, as previously described, the projecting endsof the valve stems 17 of the pairs of. valves of each of the adjacentcylinders are arranged upon opposite sides of the, same crank-casepartition 9, am venabled,"as -shown in. Fig. 2,to pivot of valve'controlling members 24: for the valvesof each cylinder upon oppositeAendsofthe sainestud shaft 23, supported in the partition, out of theway of the cranks .1l and the cams 32 on the cam shaft are thus broughtnecessarily very close to the bearing of the latter in the partition 9,producing a rigid construction that will permit no appreciable give tothe shaft and consequent' inaccuracy vin .thejseati-ng of the valveseven thoughthe said lshaft be made relatively light. i

As previously stated-the cam shaft ar-vr iis iso

ranged very close to the bottom of the crank ease which otlersconvenience to the mounting of a suitable rotary pump 33 thereon havingan intake extension 3i extending' t0 the bottom ot" the crank case asthe latter may oe filled with oil as a reservoir for the System. Thepump may be of any suitable ronstruetiiirn the details thereof beingimmaterial to 'this invention, but preferably feeds to a supply pipecommon to all the cylinders and passing.,r through the several crankease compartments thereof, within each ot' which is arranged a nozzle 36at a proper inclination to emit a continuous or intermittent iet. of oilin the direction of the eylinrler, the iet being' arranged iii/ipingeupon a suitable. surface of the engine interior that will Carme. it tobreak up and spray particles4 oiI oil .for the lubrication of the pietonliearinn's anrfl other interior working' par ita result haring"eiiriilar to but more positive than airorilinary splash feet-l ey."-teui. Flon'ie of this oil so distributed finds ita wa y to theprojeetinp: enfle of the. valve steine, li' a nil to the openinoe` 20 oflthe hores lll iu whit-.h they are arrangeih wliereat, with the constantreciproeation oi the Steins; the oil is 'Ferl and ilrawn hy capillaryattraction up through the hores iowar-l the valve eeats luhriratinfftheI tenia throuihou't their len jt-l and lioingr prevented in a #fr ltmeasure 'from elogrine or examining because ot' the heat hy the roolinragency within the jackets l2 as previously pointefl out.

Returning again to the valve controlling ineuiliers 24, it will 4benctefl that in the present. instance the roller 2 on the rock avi-iu fortho exhaust valve oir greater dialnoter than the roller Q7 on the otheralthough the 'uhhh-irs 2li on both. are norunillv in the Haino relativeposition so that the arios ma,y '-reliy he umileiion-iiltorchang'oalllo. rlhia iurrraso iu liauntor ia lor the purposeIl. ol' prolonging;the period of r wliieh the exhaust valve .ifs acturat il therelrv provi rif a further oreaof` of refrlat-inir the rap: 'yper cycle. oi' life oxhau l1 valie a il heure the ratio olE '-ulmoiijfliotu'or'i: the Valvola., rllio reason "ir the rilevi, isA aal ihr"rater ilianzeier more nrailual peril xeral osu-rature will herxrian'ill earlier h v the apeain anil ilroppeil later than in r raseol: a Small (liana-ter anil allai-pei: .rvature., as will he reaililvgeen. 'This ro l@ult can. lie attained, however, without in any wayinterfering with the priuoiploi; of oprratiou laneto'l'ore described.the n\a.\'imuur height lo vr'hieh a einrtrolling' :Nemi-'or operatorianil the eonaeoueut ilisf'fa'ure the valve aetually operiert heineiinleperaleut ol" the .porter ot that part-ioular roll-rr` ".vhile iththe munhination oll arraniomenle ,the llow through a valve iscontrolled, lioth by the erteilt to which it is unaeatefl unil thelllillj Zilli",

ailv

time that it is away from the seat. Of course, for the purposes of thislast inentioned iuljustinent` the roller could be clispensed with andthe arm provided instead with a relatively stationary cani contactingsurface of' corresponding our "ature to that of the. roller antl of anextent sullicient to traverse the cani rluringz; its entire elleetivemovement, such a Structure being* in eliect, produced by considering;the rollers ot the drawings to be lixedl, but this is purely anequivalent arrangement to that provided, in the present embodimentwherein the friction is of course neatly reduced` ln the 'loreroing(leseription, l have, for

convenience, described the 'alve stems li' as reeting at their lowerends upon the Shoulders of the eozltrolling nieinhers. I pre; flier,however, not to make theae Steins con tinuous` and integral, in someinstances, hut in Sections whereby can provide an aililitional means otreducing the throw of the intake 'alve relatively to the exhaust. Tothis end the-lower enlfla ot' the Steins are matie to forni separat-ethrust ineinhere fzl and 38. arranged in thegguicles the n'ieinher 3Sheinel normally in Contactv with its stein .l' (hoth of the latterbeing' ota the same length) at Sli) so that its action the Fain? authough positively connected hut the inelnher il? is shorter so aS toterminate Short of its valve stem and is provided with a recess `l()(Fig. el) in which operates a plunger l1 havinrr a headed portion l2normally hohl in engage nientwith thehteni hy a `eprint' lil alsolofated in the, recess, which :sp1-inoxy however,

is lighter than the spring' 22 thatV Seats the valve. The u'ieinher 3l',however, is moved hy the operating member 2l into cooperan tion with thehead l2- airainat the tension of spring lil thus operating thesteuilthrough the niealium ot' thev plunger hy a (lelayoll uioveinent` thelost motion heineF through the normal ilislanro between the mouiller liluml the hrail "lz". This loot motion maliesthe desired rhangro or(lillereure in the operation, ot' the two valves anu' yet the linal on-;rau'enunt is so ruahioni-cl hy the. spring' lil that a hharp andmaillon ooutartisel'iininateil ami rllliuoipieiillv thiL noise amilatter often fourni in levires olI thia` lfiuil.

lho iliatanref: between the mula olthe poriliona l? oi' the valves aullthe ahonlclers uri equal oral the nleinlars iii" :mil lo ran thereforehe readily iutorrlianggjol lor a roveraal ot' the engine intheuaiunrrpreviously lr-aoriluwl.

l rlaim aa nl r inreution:

l. in a valve uleehauiuun the combination with a pair ot" vaina-aol' twoinlerrhanflealilo roul'rolliuoj ineniliors operativriy connected with.wahl vulves resmetirely. ami an :iet/nat# soA l 3 ll Sbeing arranged tooperate the valve with 1"'vvhich it is associated to a greater degreethan the other. y

2. In a valve mechanism, the combination 1with a pair of valves, of twointerchangeable controlling members operatively connected with saidvalves, respectively, and a cam device having the same cam Surface foractuating both the controlling members in snccession adapted tocommunicate equal movement to each, one controlling member beingarranged to operate the valve With which it is associated to a greaterdegree than the other.' l

3. In a-valve mechanism, the combination 'with a pair of valves, "of twointerchangeable controlling members operatively connected with saidvalves, respectively, and an Aactuating cam common to both thecontrolling members for operating then'iin succession, said vcambeinfrsymmetrically formed 6to actuate the mem ers to the'same degreeand in the same manner b ut in reverse order "when the direction ofmovement of the cam is reversed, one controlling member being arrangedto operate -thevalve with which it is associated to afrea'ter degreethan the other.

4. In a valve mechanism, the combinationv nectcd with said valvesrespectively and comprising rocker arms and ari actuating cam for eacharm, theI distance between the axis of each-arm and the pointofconnection with its valve being the same, and the distance 'between theaxis of one arm and the.

effective point of Contact with its actuating cam being greater Athanthe corresponding 40 distance on the other. v

5. In a valve mechanisn'i, the combination with a pair of valves, of twointerchangeable controlling men'ibers operatively connected with saidvalves respectively and comprising rocker arms and an lactuating camcommon to both arms, the distance bctween the axis of each arm andfthepoint of connection with its valve being the same. and the-distancebetween the axis of one arm and the effective point of contact with theactuating cam being greater than the corresponding distance on theother.

In a valve. mechanism. the combination with a pair of valves. of twointerchangeable controlling members o )erativelv connectcd with saidvalves respectively and comprising rofkcr arms and an actuating camcounnon to both the arms for operating them in succession. .said cambeing s vunnctrically formed to acluatc the arms lo. thc same degree andiu the same manner but in reverse order when thc direction of movenientof the cam is rcvcrscd. lh(` distances between the axis olI each arm andthe point `and the distance between the axis of one arm and theetl'ective point of contact with the actuating cam being greater thanthe corresponding distance on the other.

7. In a valve mechanism, the combination with a pair of valves, ofoperating means therefor comprising a cam shaft and a pair of rockerarms having alined axes and vibrated by successive contact with the samecam surfaces on the cam shaft, said arms being operatively connectedwith the valve controlling members, respectively.

8. The combination with an engine having a crank case, a cam shaftarranged within the crank case, and a valve mechanism comprising a pairof valves having operating portions extending within the crank case, ofvalve operatin devices comprising a cam shaft having a journal bearingsupported by a wall of the crank case, a stud von the 'all and a pair ofrocker arms journaled on the stud within the crank chamber and vibratedby the cam shaft, said arms heilig arranged to communicate motion to theoperating members respectively.

9. In a multiple cylinder engine, the com bination with a pair ofcylinders, the crank case of each cylinder being separated from that ofth l adjacent c vlinder by a partition. and a valve mechanism comprisinga pair of valves for each cylinder, each pair having operating portionsextending within the crank case and arranged with their units adjacentto and' on opposite sides of the crank case partition, of" valveoperating mechanism comprising a common cam shaft extending through bothcrank cases and journaled in thc partition and having cam surfacesthereon arranged adjacent to and on opposite sides of the crank casepartition, a stud extending through the partition and a pair ot' rockerarms pivoted on the stud on xach side of and adjacent to the partition,said armsbeing vibrated b v contact with the cam surfaces of the camshaft and arranged to operate thc operating portions of the valves.

l0. In a valve mechanism, the combination with a pair of valves havingoperating stems arranged side b v side in parallelism, of operatingmechanism thcrcl'or comprising a pair of intcrchangcable rocker armspivotcd at a point between the valvc stems in the plane thereof andoperatively connected thereto` respectively, at points equidistant fromtheir connnon pivot. and a rotary cam common to both arms and arrangedin the plane ot' the arms to vibrato thcin successively. and operativelycontacting one of them at a point a` greater distance from the pivotthan lhc point ol` contact with the other. said cam being svinmetricallyformed to operate the aims 'to niemeer the same degree and in the sainemanner, but in reverse order when the direction of' the Cain isreversed.

il, ln an internal combustion engine, the combination with the intakeand exhaust .valves thereof, of two controlling members operativelyconnected with said valves ren spectively, each embodying rollers, thecurvature ol one roller being; greater than that ot the other and cammechanism tor fihi-ating the controlling members through the medium ofthe rollers, each roller being acted upon by the same cam surface.

l2. In a valve mechanism, the combination with a pair ot' valves, of twocontroiling members operatively connected with each respectively, andcomprising interchangeable rocker arms, a roller on each arm, one ofsaid rollers being of greater diameter than the other and an actuatingcam common to both arms and engaging the rolln ers to vibrate the armsand actuate the valves.

13. n a valve mechanism, 'the combination with a valve having a stem anda spring for normally holding' said valve on its seat, of a thrustmember arranged in alinement therewith and provided With a recess, aplunger movableI in the recess and having a, portion adapted to beengaged bv the thrust member, a spring in the recess for holding theplunger against the Yvalve stem, said spring being lighter than thevalve seating spring, and means for successiveljT actuating; the thrustmember into engagement with the plunger against the action of its springand roperating the valve stein against its seating spring through themedium of 'the plunger.

lll. ln an engine, the combination 'with a pair of valves, of a pair or'interchangeable thrust members for operating said valves resp ActiVely,one of said members being;` norially operatively connected with thevalve with which it is associated and the other spaced therefrom and anoperating cam, common to both thrust members and adapt4` ed to operatethem successively, said cam ben ing; of symmetrical. form to present thesame cam surface when driven in either of two directions.

15. In an engine, the combination with a pair of valves, of a pair ofinterchangeable thrust members for operating said valves respectively,one of said members being; normally operatively connected with the valvewith which it is associated and the other spaced therefrom and a drivingelement common to both thrust members.

HENRY L. l?. TREBERT.

Witnesses:

RUSSELL B. Gmrrrrir, HAROLD H.' SrMMs.

